This article discusses the relationship between bone mineral density and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Nugroho et al. (2024) identified factors associated with bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporosis risk in patients with T2DM. A total of 49 patients with T2DM were involved in this study, and it was found that 61% of them had decreased BMD. More than 83% of those over 60 years old showed decreased osteopenia and osteoporosis status. While 40% of those under 60 years old only had decreased BMD status.
Some of the risk factors that have been investigated in this study include older age, onset of DM diagnosis, duration of DM, glycemic control, body mass index (BMI), use of thiazolidinediones (TZDs), and renal function. However, no association was found between these factors and BMD decline in T2DM patients. These findings emphasize the importance of considering age as a significant risk factor in BMD decline in T2DM patients, especially those over 60 years old.
Nugroho et al. (2024) emphasized that the relationship between T2DM duration and bone mineral density (BMD) is influenced by individual age. In the age group above 60 years, diabetes duration did not significantly affect BMD. Their results showed the dominance of the age factor in determining BMD in older individuals with T2DM. However, in individuals below 60 years of age, diabetes duration was significantly associated with decreased BMD. This suggests a more important role of diabetes duration in determining BMD in younger individuals. Thus, it can be concluded that age is an important factor in influencing the relationship between T2DM duration and BMD. In older individuals, age is a more dominant factor, whereas in younger individuals, the duration of T2DM has a greater influence.
Bone mineral density and osteoporosis related risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Heri Nugroho, Rizal Kurniawan, Cahya Tri Purnami
Diabetes mellitus negatively affects bone tissue and unfavourably impacts bone mineral density (BMD), therfore increasing the probability of fractures through pathological mechanisms. This study aimed to explore the factors associated with BMD and osteoporosis risk in individuals with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). An investigation was undertaken involving 49 patients diagnosed with T2DM who fulfilled the specified criteria. These individuals underwent BMD assessment as part of a cross-sectional study. The analysis encompassed both univariate and bivariate approaches, utilizing the Chi-square test (X2) and binary logistic regression methods. A total of 30 participants (61%) have decreased BMD. Among the participants aged 60 years and above, 83.4% exhibited a decreased BMD status (osteopenia and osteoporosis), in contrast to the under 60 years age group, in which 40% displayed decreased BMD status. Older age (>60 years) is a risk factor for decreasing bone density onset of diabetes mellitus (DM) diagnosis, duration of DM, glycemic control, body mass index (BMI), use of thiazolidinediones (TZD) drugs, kidney function, were not associated with lower BMD in T2DM patients.
H. Nugroho, R. Kurniawan, and C. T. Purnami, “Bone mineral density and osteoporosis related risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus,” International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS), vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 488–494, Jun. 2024, doi: 10.11591/ijphs.v13i2.23544.
By: I. Busthomi