The publisher upholds the highest standards of ethical conduct and research integrity across all stages of the editorial and publication process. This commitment is rooted in international best practices and the guidance of respected organizations such as the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), the World Association of Medical Editors (WAME), and the Declaration on Research Assessment (DORA). Where applicable, the publisher also follows specific reporting standards, including the CONSORT guidelines for clinical trials.
All stakeholders—authors, editors, reviewers, and editorial staff—are expected to adhere to these principles. Specifically:
The publisher’s ethics policy aligns with the Publication Ethics and Malpractice Statement (PEMS) adopted by major scholarly publishers, ensuring transparency, credibility, and scholarly value in all published work.
Authors must ensure that their submissions are original, properly cited, and free from plagiarism. They are expected to present accurate data, maintain transparency in their research, and retain raw data for verification if required. All contributions and sources must be appropriately acknowledged. Authors are also obligated to disclose any potential conflicts of interest and follow the journal’s peer review and publication processes. If errors or ethical issues are identified post-publication, authors should promptly notify the journal, which may lead to errata or retraction as appropriate.
Reviewers are expected to provide fair, objective, and constructive evaluations of manuscripts while maintaining strict confidentiality throughout the review process. They should avoid personal bias and declare any conflicts of interest that may affect their impartiality. Reviewers play a critical role in detecting ethical concerns such as duplicate publication, plagiarism, or data manipulation, and must communicate any such issues to the editor promptly and discreetly.
Editors are responsible for managing the peer review process and making publication decisions based on the manuscript’s scholarly merit, free from discrimination or bias. They must ensure a transparent and objective review process, handle ethical complaints appropriately, and take action in cases of suspected misconduct, including retracting or correcting published work when necessary. Editors must also manage conflicts of interest and protect the anonymity and confidentiality of both authors and reviewers.
The publisher must uphold the integrity and independence of the editorial decision-making process, free from commercial influences such as advertising or reprint sales. IAES supports editors by providing legal and ethical guidance, as well as access to tools and resources such as COPE membership and Crossref Similarity Check. The publisher is responsible for ensuring that all parties involved in the publication process are adequately informed and trained in best practices and publishing ethics.
This journal uses the Contributor Roles Taxonomy (CRediT) to recognize individual author contributions, reduce authorship disputes, and facilitate collaboration. We encourage authors to include a statement in the paper that shares and accurately describes each author’s contribution. To be eligible for authorship, each individual must have contributed to at least one of the following: conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, or investigation, as well as at least one aspect of writing (either original draft preparation or writing reviews and editing). There are 14 role taxonomies that can be used to describe the key types of contributions typically made to the production and publication of research output such as research articles.
In accordance with the ethical publishing standards upheld by IAES journals, authorship is reserved for individuals who have made substantial contributions to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the reported study, and who can take public responsibility for its content.
Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) tools, including but not limited to ChatGPT, cannot be listed as authors. These tools do not meet the criteria for authorship, as they are unable to take responsibility for the accuracy, integrity, or legal accountability of the work.
Any use of GenAI tools to assist in writing, analysis, or any other part of the manuscript preparation must be clearly and transparently disclosed in the appropriate section of the manuscript (e.g., Acknowledgements or Methods), specifying the name of the tool, the version used, and the nature of its contribution.
Failure to disclose such use may be considered a breach of ethical standards.
IAES strongly recommends that authors use Open Researcher and Contributor IDs (ORCIDs). An ORCID is a free, unique, and persistent identifier.
It ensures that an author is distinguished from other researchers and helps readers, reviewers, funders, institutions, and publishers to reliably identify an author.
It helps to attribute work correctly by ensuring that the author’s work is distinguished from other researchers’ works.
IPMU journals uphold transparency and integrity in scholarly publishing. Authorship must accurately reflect individuals’ contributions to the work. Therefore, any request to modify the list of authors—by adding, removing, or rearranging names—must be submitted in accordance with the following policy and in line with the guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).
1. General Principles
2. Adding an Author
Requests to add an author must be accompanied by:
3. Removing an Author
Requests to remove an author must include:
4. Changing the Author Order
Any rearrangement of author names must be agreed upon by all listed authors and accompanied by a written justification.
5. Editorial Review and Approval
6. Ethical Misconduct
Unethical authorship practices, such as gift authorship or exclusion of legitimate contributors, constitute a violation of publication ethics. Confirmed violations may result in:
Authors are advised to finalize authorship and order of authorship before submission. All contributors should be clearly identified, and the roles of each author should be transparent.
This policy is consistent with the COPE flowchart for Changes in authorship: request to add an author before publication.
The publication of an article in this journal is an essential building block in the development of a coherent and respected network of knowledge. It is a direct reflection of the quality of the work of the authors and the institutions that support them. Peer-reviewed articles support and embody the scientific method. It is therefore important to agree upon standards of expected ethical behavior for all parties involved in the act of publishing: the authors, the journal editors, the peer reviewers, the publisher, and the society.
Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science (IAES) as publisher takes its duties of guardianship over all stages of publishing extremely seriously and we recognize our ethical and other responsibilities. We are committed to ensuring that advertising, reprinting, or other commercial revenue has no impact or influence on editorial decisions. In addition, the IAES and Editorial Board will assist in communications with other journals and/or publishers where this is useful and necessary.
Research misconduct includes fabrication, falsification, citation manipulation, and plagiarism during the conduct, review, or reporting of research. It also includes simultaneous submission—submitting the same or substantially similar manuscript to more than one journal at the same time without proper disclosure. This practice is considered unethical and wastes editorial and peer-review resources.
In cases of suspected misconduct, the editors and editorial board will follow the best practices recommended by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) to handle complaints and ensure fair resolution. This process typically begins with an internal investigation to determine whether the allegation is valid and falls within the scope of research misconduct. Editors will also assess whether the person making the allegation has any conflicts of interest.
If misconduct is found in a submitted manuscript, it will be rejected. If misconduct is identified in a published article, a formal retraction may be issued, clearly linked to the original publication. The corresponding author, representing all co-authors, will be contacted and asked to respond to the allegations in detail. Based on the response, further expert review—such as statistical analysis—may be sought.
Suppose the concern does not meet the threshold for misconduct but still raises questions about the research. In that case, the issue may be addressed through clarifications, additional analyses, or letters to the editor, along with corrections to the published article.
Research institutions are expected to conduct thorough investigations when allegations of misconduct arise. Ultimately, authors, editors, publishers, and institutions share the responsibility of safeguarding the credibility of scientific research. By taking appropriate action—whether through corrections, retractions, or retractions with replacement—IAES is committed to maintaining the integrity and reliability of the scholarly record.
The editors of the IAES journals are responsible for deciding which of the articles submitted to the journal should be published. The validation of the work in question and its importance to researchers and readers must always drive such decisions. The editors may be guided by the policies of the journal’s editorial board and constrained by such legal requirements as shall then be in force regarding libel, copyright infringement and plagiarism. The editors may confer with other editors or reviewers in making this decision.
This journal has a clear procedure for handling complaints against the journal, editorial staff, editorial board, or publisher. Respected personnel will clarify the complaints based on the specific case. The scope of complaints encompasses all aspects of journal business processes, such as editorial processes, citation manipulation, unfair editor/reviewer practices, and peer-review manipulation, among others. We will process the complaint cases following COPE guidelines. You should send the complaint cases by email to info@iaesjournal.com.
An editor at any time evaluates manuscripts for their intellectual content without regard to race, gender, sexual orientation, religious belief, ethnic origin, citizenship, or political philosophy of the authors.
The editor and any editorial staff must not disclose any information about a submitted manuscript to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, other editorial advisers, and the publisher, as appropriate.
Unpublished materials disclosed in a submitted manuscript must not be used in an editor’s own research without the express written consent of the author.
The data availability statement is a valuable link between a paper’s results and the supporting evidence. It is a brief statement about whether the authors of an article have made the evidence supporting their findings available, and if so, where readers may access it. Data availability statements help to promote transparency and reproducibility in research and to increase the visibility of valuable evidence produced or gathered during the course of research. As part of our commitment to supporting open research, our journal now requires all manuscripts to include a data availability statement in order to be accepted for publication.
This journal adheres to best practices in scholarly publishing and complies with the following principles to support open access and responsible research dissemination:
No embargo applies.
All articles are published under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA 4.0) license, allowing redistribution and adaptation with proper attribution and share-alike terms.
Authors should include a citation and link to the published version via the journal’s DOI.
This is to certify that the submitted manuscript is an original work, has not been published previously, and is not being considered for publication elsewhere.
Upon acceptance, the article will be published by Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama (IPMU) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0). The authors retain the copyright to the work.
We declare that:
License Grant
We, the authors, retain all copyrights to the submitted article, and grant to IPMU the non-exclusive right to reproduce, publish, translate, and distribute the article in any form or medium, including print and electronic formats.
The article may be used, shared, or adapted by others, provided that:
Full license details: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Author Responsibility
The corresponding author signs for and accepts responsibility for releasing this material on behalf of any and all co-authors. This agreement is to be signed by at least one of the authors who has obtained the consent of the co-author(s), if any. After submission of this agreement signed by the corresponding author, changes in authorship or order of authors will not be accepted.
Retained Rights
